Vibration-induced breakage of wire strands within suspension wire clamps is a common and highly concealed safety hazard. This study investigates the dynamic responses and natural frequency variations of ground wires under varying tension and strand breakage conditions through experimental and theoretical methods. Using impact force hammer excitation and acceleration sensors, the research analyzes vibration attenuation and natural frequency changes via frequency-domain peak picking and power spectrum analysis. Key findings include: 1) Broken strands cause a non-linear frequency trend, initially decreasing and then increasing due to stiffness reduction and mass loss; 2) Tension significantly affects natural frequencies, with a 10% increase per 200 N tension increase, amplifying frequency variations due to strand damage. The proposed vibration model illustrates the coupling between tension and stiffness, offering a theoretical and experimental basis for detecting hidden damage in suspension clamps. This study contributes valuable insights for improving transmission line maintenance safety.