In a wireless power transmission network (WPTN) composed of wirelessly chargeable cluster devices, optimizing the power transmission path is one of the effective ways to improve the energy efficiency utilization of the network. In this paper, an energy transmission path optimization method based on artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed, which intelligently searches for the optimal power transmission path to maximize transmission efficiency, minimize power loss, and reduce the overall transmission cost. In this paper, the path optimization model is established, and then the optimization algorithm applied to the autonomous and active injection WPTN is proposed, and finally the optimization algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively search for the optimal path with the highest energy transmission efficiency in the whole network through simulation.