With the increasingly stringent emission regulations, marine diesel engines must optimize their fuel injection systems to meet performance requirements. This study focuses on the voice coil motor pilot valve (VCM-PV), a key component of the fuel injection system, and explores its position control strategy under high-frequency response conditions to achieve precise fuel injection in complex operating scenarios. To address this, the study proposes a global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) strategy with a symmetric sliding surface structure. By integrating a linear extended state observer (LESO), a feedforward compensation mechanism is introduced to effectively suppress the adverse effects caused by model uncertainties and external disturbances, thereby significantly enhancing the disturbance rejection capability and robustness of the system. To validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy, a simulation model is developed using Simulink, and the proposed strategy is compared with traditional control methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy exhibits excellent dynamic performance and strong disturbance rejection under high-frequency response conditions, providing significant advantages over conventional control approaches.