With the rapid development of society economy and power systems, users’ expectations for power quality are increasingly higher. The distribution line is directly connected to the users, and its reliability directly determines the quality of electricity supply to the users. In this paper, takes the 10 kV distribution line as the research object in the Changshou Lake reservoir area. By analyzing the data of lightning distribution lines and the topography of Changshou Lake, an equivalent model of typical fault areas of distribution lines was established. The simulation technology is used to conduct a thorough study of the lightning resistance performance. The installation of a lightning conductor has successfully elevated the line’s lightning resistance to 20 kA, while the addition of a lightning arrester has further enhanced this capability to 18 kA. These improvements significantly bolster the lightning resistance performance of the distribution line, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the power supply.