Controlling the ground subsidence due to underground coal mining is a significant social, environmental, and engineering challenge. This research is focused on analyzing the brittle failure of the overburdened rock mass due to underground coal mining. The study was carried out on one of the planned underground coal mines in Eastern India that will be excavated using the bord and pillar method. The depth of the working coal seam from the surface is between 300 and 3500 m, and around 30% of the overburden is extrusive basalt. Though the probability of surface subsidence based on the rock mass quality and lessons from the past is very low, there are critical residential and commercial settings on the surface. This research involves a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) of the bord and pillar mining in the coal block using the RS3 software package. The key factors influencing subsidence are investigated to identify optimal mining practices to mitigate surface impacts. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element model of the top layer (basalt) as a key stratum is prepared. The model is idealized as a double cantilever slab in 2-D plane strain condition, and the maximum vertical displacement of the slab is taken from the 3-D FEA results. Finally, the basalt layer is analyzed for brittle fracturing. Though this new methodology is based on several assumptions, it can serve as a quick way to check the stability of the key stratum.