Rock structures are consistently exposed to temperature fluctuations resulting from seasonal changes and day-night cycles in cold regions. The investigation into the development of frost cracks, a consequence of repeated freeze–thaw cycles, plays a pivotal role in comprehending the degradation of rocks within cold regions. This environmental condition sets the stage for geological disasters, including avalanches, landslides, and rock falls, which are prone to being activated by the weakening of rock masses, resulting in substantial risks to engineering infrastructure. The current research investigates the freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles on jointed rock mass with uniaxial loading. The study investigates the influence of these factors on the mechanical characteristics, fracture behaviors, and damage mechanisms of rocks with pre-existing cracks. Moreover, it seeks the effects of freeze–thaw cycles, along with the orientations of pre-existing cracks on the mechanical attributes of jointed rocks. To replicate the sedimentary rocks, impersist jointed cylindrical specimens are prepared using plaster material with dimensions of 50 mm diameter and 100 mm height. The orientations of the simulated joints are from 0° to 90° with the horizontal cylindrical axis. The outcomes of this investigation reveal that cracks formed during freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles have been detected and are expanding in correlation with the number of F–T cycles. Furthermore, the fracture propagations of the specimens subjected to different freeze–thaw cycles are examined by digital image correlation.