The increasing risk of antibiotics in the water poses a significant risk to the ecosystem and human health, prompting the development of effective strategies for their selective detection and degradation. Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), a new class of fluorescent nanomaterials, have gained significant attention for their remarkable optical properties such as photoluminescence, excellent light stability and photobleaching resistance. In addition, these materials offer many advantages such as tunable surface functionalization, ease of synthesis, less toxicity, and high chemical stability, making them ideal for antibiotic detection and degradation applications. This chapter explores recent advancements in CQD-based biosensors, highlighting their fabrication approaches, the mechanism of antibiotic detection, and a detailed classification of antibiotics and their degradation approaches via CQDs.