This study aims to explore how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles shape sustainable development strategies within the renewable energy sector in emerging economies. Based on a survey of 380 renewable energy enterprises and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings indicate that ESG components not only reinforce sustainability orientation but also serve as catalysts for fostering cross-sector partnerships. Among these, governance emerges as a strategic anchor that strengthens stakeholder engagement, enhances transparency, and lays the groundwork for long-term operational standards. Drawing from the results, the study offers policy recommendations to support enterprises in enhancing ESG capabilities and developing collaborative frameworks in the context of global energy transition and sustainable growth.