Strokes remain a leading cause of acquired disability worldwide, demanding innovative interventions to restore motor function in survivors. This chapter synthesizes advances in human intent-controlled rehabilitation, a paradigm that bridges motor intent detection, peripheral stimulation, and neuroplasticity-driven recovery for stroke-affected hands. Beginning with the neurophysiological basis of intent-driven rehabilitation, we critically analyze state-of-the-art technologies for detecting movement intent—including electromyography (EMG), kinematics, and brain–machine interfaces (BMIs)—and their integration with assistive robotics and haptic feedback systems. We further explore quantitative motor assessment frameworks and address persistent challenges such as patient-specific variability, feedback latency, and clinical scalability. By emphasizing the interplay between intent detection, motion assistance, and sensory stimulation, this chapter sets the foundation for subsequent studies that advance hand rehabilitation through soft robotics, bilateral training, and multimodal haptic interfaces.