The nervous system is the most complex and intriguing part of the human body. Like other systems, the nervous system is also susceptible to malfunctions and disorders. Neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and sclerosis account for about 6% of the global burden of diseases and affects 10 million people annually. With increasing instances of these diseases, it is important to look for alternative therapeutic options and preventive measures. The present chapter is an evidence-based documentary voyage about several neuroprotective active natural compounds derived from important taxonomic categories, with special emphasis on their mechanism of action. A large portion of these bioresources remain untapped and could hold secrets to treating a variety of neurological disorders. The chapter hopes to inspire readers to appreciate the very tree of life, where most creatures have a great deal to offer when it comes to improving human mental health and well-being.