To ensure food security, developing innovative techniques are crucial for crop yield, productivity, and improving resilience in the changing climate conditions and increasing food demand. Conventional plant breeding methods are laborious, less effective, and limited in scope. The vector-based genetic transformation for gene delivery and CRISPR/Cas9 provides avenues to improve stress resistance, plant yield, and food quality. However, the efficacy of genetic transformation is limited in many commercially significant crops because of plant cell wall hindrance. Nanotechnology, especially green nanoparticles (NPs) facilitates efficient gene transfer due to their ability to cross the barrier of plant cell walls. NPs have been widely used for gene transfer, molecular breeding, and promoting plants’ resilience to environmental stresses due to their ease of penetration, and various distinct physicochemical properties. This chapter focuses on the potential of NPs, their application in gene delivery, and their efficient role in plant biotechnology. Despite their promising success in plant transformation, there is still a long way to go due to several challenges, including NPs optimization for gene transfer, off-target accumulation, nanotoxicity, and understanding of their impact on plant physiology. Future studies aimed at synthesizing biodegradable, biocompatible, and efficient NPs will be key in advancing plant genetic transformation and enhancing crop resilience. The integrated approach involving nanobiotechnology and traditional genetic engineering possesses a significant potential to transform crop improvement and sustainable agriculture production.