Growing environmental concerns over synthetic plastic waste have intensified the search for sustainable, biodegradable alternatives, particularly in the food packaging sector. Animal-based marine polysaccharides, primarily derived from crustaceans and marine organisms offer a promising, eco-friendly solution. Key polysaccharides such as chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, are extracted predominantly from shrimp and crab shells, which are otherwise seafood processing waste. These biopolymers possess excellent film-forming, biodegradable, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making them ideal candidates for active and intelligent food packaging. Chitosan, in particular, has garnered attention for its ability to inhibit a wide range of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms due to its positive charge, which interacts with negatively charged microbial membranes. Other marine-derived polysaccharides like gelatin, glycosaminoglycans, and hyaluronic acid further enhance film properties by improving mechanical strength, flexibility, and water vapor permeability. Their application not only prolongs shelf life and preserves food quality but also promotes circular bioeconomy by converting marine waste into value-added products. However, challenges such as poor mechanical stability under humid conditions, high production costs, and limited scalability remain significant barriers to commercial adoption. Ongoing research focuses on blending marine polysaccharides with other natural polymers, nanoparticles, or essential oils to enhance their functionality. This review highlights the potential of animal-based marine polysaccharides in transforming the food packaging industry by offering renewable, safe, and sustainable packaging alternatives that align with global environmental goals.