Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative computer-aided additive manufacturing technique for fabricating complex structures in three dimensions layer by layer. This approach is anticipated to have enormous potential in several areas, including the food, pharmaceutical, and biological sectors. In recent years, several bioprinting techniques and bio-ink materials have been introduced. Nevertheless, the development of affordable and environmental friendly bio-ink materials with exceptional properties (mechanical integrity, printability, viscoelasticity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability) remains a critical requirement. In recent years, natural polysaccharides derived from marine resources have received greater attention as effective and sustainable sources of bio-ink formulations because of their abundance and biological activity in comparison to polymers derived from other sources. Particular focus is given to the working principles, material requirements, and potential applications of popular 3D-printing technologies that employ marine-sourced polysaccharides. Marine polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, laminarin, gelatin, and carrageenan) frequently employed for 3D printing are also included. Owing to recent rapidly emerging technological advances, a variety of marine-derived polysaccharides possess significant biological applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering (cartilage and bone tissue engineering), antimicrobial, and wound healing applications. The future opportunities and challenges of applying marine polysaccharides to 3D printing in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries were also addressed.