Adjustment to cross-cultural environments is inherently challenging for expatriates, with diverse sociocultural and psychosocial factors shaping their overall life satisfaction. While prior research has examined these influences in general populations, there remains a notable gap in studies specifically addressing expatriates’ cultural adjustment across different regional contexts. This study investigates how sociocultural factors influence social behaviors and access to resources among expatriates in India and Japan, offering insights into the unique challenges and lived experiences of these groups. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 214 expatriates in India and 158 in Japan (N = 372), employing a combination of Likert-scale items, point allocation methods, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that in India, marital status (OR = 2.14, p < 0.01) and language proficiency (OR = 1.87, p < 0.05) were significant determinants of expatriates’ social behaviors and resource access, whereas in Japan, annual household income (OR = 2.46, p < 0.01) and age (OR = 1.65, p < 0.05) played significant roles. Model fit statistics demonstrated good explanatory power in both contexts (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.31 for India; R2 = 0.28 for Japan). The findings underscore the context-specific nature of expatriate adjustment, highlighting how sociocultural characteristics interact with local environments. These insights can inform policymakers and stakeholders in designing country-specific strategies and targeted policies such as language training programs, community engagement initiatives, workplace integration support, and resource-access facilitation tailored to expatriates’ needs. Such interventions can enhance expatriate well-being, strengthen cross-cultural adjustment, and promote long-term social integration.