With the intensifying trend of population aging, the rehabilitation and care of elderly individuals have become a key focus of societal attention, revealing the limitations of traditional eldercare models. As an important innovation in intelligent eldercare, elderly rehabilitation robots play a vital role in improving the quality of life for older adults and alleviating the burden on caregivers. This paper aims to review the application technologies of elderly rehabilitation robots, analyze their technical characteristics, and summarize their use in daily care, medical rehabilitation, and emotional companionship. Additionally, it discusses the current challenges faced by these robots, with the goal of providing a reference for future research and innovation in the field of elderly rehabilitation robotics.