Empirical research in psychology tells us that Indian adolescents are rewarded for rigid binary gender performances and punished for gender fluid behavior which in turn affects their sense of agency. Mothers tend to be the primary agents of gender socialization who dispense these rewards and punishments, but the extent to which individual mothers undertake this gender socialization depends on their commitment to patriarchal values. Maternal exposure to non-authoritarian mothering styles via television and the internet may be an important variable in the extent and forcefulness with which mothers undertake gender socialization. The control of girl’s and women’s sexuality, and the familial restrictions on emotional expressions of anger to the father are the most common elements of enforced gender performance, shared across socioeconomic and religious groups. This chapter presents the available psychological research on gender socialization in India, while speculating upon the reasons for the disciplinary paucity of studies on gender in India in psychology compared to psychoanalysis.