The chapter highlights the concept of pathways of development, emphasizing that these are culture-specific. The Western urban middle-class context is associated with a cultural model that is organized by psychological autonomy, whereas the rural traditional famer life is associated with the cultural model of hierarchical relatedness as the organizing principle. Questioning the tendency of treating patterns observed in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) contexts as the norm, while attributing deficit to the patterns found in majority cultures, the chapter cautions against comparing different cultural pathways along singular dimensions of conceptualization and assessment. A series of cross-cultural studies with infants in Germany, India and Cameroon are presented to demonstrate the variability in basic developmental domains such as attachment, self-conception and executive control. The chapter concludes that different cultural pathways represent different cultural solutions to different socio-demographic demands with their own strengths and weaknesses.