This chapter evaluates different materials used in 3D printing, starting from its early days of stereolithography to current practices that focus on sustainability. It examines the shift from traditional plastics to eco-friendly alternatives, including ABS, PLA, bioplastics, metals, concrete and natural materials like clay, while addressing their environmental impacts and the industry’s efforts to make 3D printing sustainable. Life cycle assessment of materials is used to compare each stage of the product process from material extraction to disposal to evaluate its environmental footprint. Energy consumption and environmental implications highlight challenges such as energy-intensive processing and limitations in recycling, industrial composting and biodegradability. Despite advancements, the practice of greenwashing is prevalent. This chapter discusses ongoing challenges in achieving sustainable additive manufacturing and calls for a balanced approach integrating technological processes with environmental responsibility to shape a sustainable future for 3D printing.