This chapter provides a methodological justification for the theoretical underpinnings of the research contained within. This chapter is primarily concerned with setting the theoretical parameters for the methodology used to conduct this work, primarily focusing on the Foucauldian post-structural methodology of a “history of the present” and how this methodology interacts with the earlier theories of Friedrich Nietzsche and Thomas Kuhn. The chapter examines the utility of Michel Foucault’s “archaeology” and the theoretical shift from “archaeology” to “genealogy”, arguing that this methodology allows for the crisis of over-incarceration for First Nations women to be understood in a way that is ever so slightly different from the popular constructions of the problem. Thomas Kuhn’s theory of the paradigm shift is utilised, leading to the suggestion that this current crisis of over-incarceration is a necessary pre-condition for a paradigmatic shift to occur. Some discussion and recognition of the risks involved in applying a western methodology to a First Nations problem is also undertaken.