This chapter analyzes how the clash between lawfare and lawfulness has unfolded through the 2016 Arbitral Award, diplomatic note verbale exchanges, cartographic battles, ASEAN–China COC negotiations, and broader struggles to shape the rules of the regional and international order. It begins with the 2016 Arbitral Award, which invalidated China’s nine-dash line and clarified the status of maritime features under UNCLOS. The ruling reshaped the legal landscape and became a reference point for subsequent state practice.

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Lawfulness versus China’s Lawfare in the South China Sea

  • Hong Thao Nguyen,
  • Thi Kim Nguyen Tran

摘要

This chapter analyzes how the clash between lawfare and lawfulness has unfolded through the 2016 Arbitral Award, diplomatic note verbale exchanges, cartographic battles, ASEAN–China COC negotiations, and broader struggles to shape the rules of the regional and international order. It begins with the 2016 Arbitral Award, which invalidated China’s nine-dash line and clarified the status of maritime features under UNCLOS. The ruling reshaped the legal landscape and became a reference point for subsequent state practice.