With the widespread adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in the global construction industry, BIM education in higher education has become an integral part of construction management programs. Drawing upon Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), this study develops a model to identify the influencing factors of BIM education effectiveness in construction management disciplines. The results indicate that the effectiveness of BIM education is shaped by multiple factors, including theoretical courses, practical activities, faculty resources, and institutional incentives. Moreover, significant differences were identified between industry professionals and current students regarding their perceptions of and demands for BIM education. Based on these findings, the study proposes strategies to optimize BIM education in Chinese universities, with particular emphasis on government–university–industry collaboration, aiming to enhance the practicality and effectiveness of BIM training and better align talent cultivation with industry needs.