Thermo-Kinetic Studies on Non-azide-Based Automobile Airbag Gas Generant

In this study, the thermal characterization of a novel guanidine nitrate/sodium nitrate (CH6N4O3/NaNO3) fuel/oxidizer mixture is systematically carried out for its potential application as a non-azide, environmentally friendly airbag gas generant. This composition offers a safer alternative to conventional azide-based gas generants while maintaining efficient gas evolution. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to evaluate decomposition behavior, heat evolution, and enthalpy changes. The experimental results were analyzed by comparing the thermal characteristics of the CH6N4O3/NaNO3 mixture with traditional azide-based gas generants. The findings indicate that this novel formulation exhibits favorable thermal stability, lower activation energy, and efficient decomposition kinetics, making it a promising candidate for next-generation airbag systems. This study contributes to advancements in airbag safety technology while addressing environmental and regulatory concerns.