Spondylolysis is a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis, a region of the vertebra located between the superior and inferior articular processes. It commonly occurs in the lumbar spine, particularly in adolescents and young athletes involved in activities that involve repetitive hyperextension and rotation. Symptoms of spondylolysis can range from asymptomatic to lower back pain and discomfort, which may worsen with physical activity. When conservative treatments such as rest, physical therapy, and bracing fail to alleviate symptoms, surgical intervention may be considered. Spondylolysis repair involves procedures like direct pars repair, fusion, or instrumentation to stabilize the affected vertebrae. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent progression to spondylolisthesis, where one vertebra slips over another. This paper explores the etiology, diagnosis, and management strategies, with an emphasis on surgical repair techniques and outcomes.