Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, which mainly affects older persons, is characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal, foramina, or lateral recesses, which causes compression of neural components. Age-related degeneration of the facet joints, ligaments, and intervertebral discs is the cause. The neural canal is narrowed by degenerative changes in the facet, including osteophyte development and hypertrophy, subchondral bone sclerosis, and cartilage degeneration. Disc dehydration, height loss, and bulging are examples of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc that affect spinal mechanics and put more strain on nearby structures. Compression and instability are exacerbated by spondylolisthesis and ligamentum flavum thickening. Characteristic symptoms such as neurogenic claudication and radicular pain are caused by neural compression and ischemia. Age, genetic predisposition, obesity, and repetitive mechanical stress are risk factors. The intensity of symptoms might be influenced by dynamic factors, such as changes in posture. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for management.