This chapter explores contaminants of concern in landfill mining residues (LFMR), focusing on heavy metals, organic pollutants, etc. It highlights the challenges associated with reusing landfill-derived soil-like materials (SLMs) due to contamination risks, leachability, and environmental hazards. Data from global studies and Indian dumpsites reveal high concentrations of metals such as lead, chromium, zinc, and cadmium in SLM, exceeding regulatory thresholds for reuse in agriculture and construction. This chapter underscores the need for comprehensive leaching studies, contaminant migration assessments, and sustainable remediation strategies. It discusses emerging opportunities for resource recovery, including advanced sorting technologies for metal extraction and the potential of SLM in polymer composites and renewable energy applications. Additionally, health and environmental risks associated with landfill mining, such as pathogen exposure and bioaerosol release, are evaluated. Future research directions emphasize advanced stabilization techniques, biological remediation, policy development, and waste-to-energy technologies to enhance the viability and sustainability of landfill mining efforts.