Landfill mining (LFM), particularly in the form of biomining, has rapidly emerged in India as a pragmatic solution to manage legacy municipal solid waste (MSW) and reclaim valuable urban land. Gaining national momentum post-2019, the approach has been largely shaped by environmental concerns, political & urban development pressures, and regulatory directives. Indian biomining, though named for its biological connotation, has evolved into a mechanized, high-throughput process emphasizing excavation and segregation. While the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the Solid Waste Management Rules (2016) provide a regulatory framework, the practices vary widely across the country, influenced by site size, space availability, and urban density. In small towns, traditional windrow-based stabilization methods are common, while in large metropolitan dumpsites, space and time constraints have pushed the adoption of rapid excavation and limited drying approaches. Compared to Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) practices prevalent in the EU and the US, where recovery of materials and energy integrates circular economy principles, the strategy in India remains focused on bulk clearance, with modest material recovery and limited environmental assessment. This chapter presents a critical overview of the evolution, regulatory landscape, operational strategies, and global comparisons, offering insights into the Indian LFM paradigm.