The establishment of the European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium (EURELCO) in 2014, along with the EU’s circular economy agenda, significantly advanced the discourse on landfill mining. Despite this growing interest, only a limited number of projects have proven financially viable, as designing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable models remains challenging. Success depends largely on selecting appropriate landfill sites and ensuring supportive policy and market conditions. Economic feasibility is particularly constrained by the immature European market for secondary raw materials, where both demand and willingness to pay remain low. By contrast, countries such as India are increasingly implementing biomining initiatives, reflecting different socio-economic and policy contexts.