In ancient times, people gradually invented and refined many musical instruments that were used during work and daily life. Among these instruments, percussion instruments, and specifically, drums, are outstanding examples. According to ethnographers, the drum is the only instrument that is still used by modern hunter-gatherer societies; many of these modern hunter-gatherer societies do not know of any other instruments aside from the drum. Wind instruments were usually played with the mouth or also with the nose. Initially, they were made with a hollow pipe, but later on there were pipes with holes or trumpet-like instruments made with animal skins. These wind instruments appear slightly later than percussion instruments. String instruments were developed gradually by ancient peoples through the modification of practical tools like the bow and arrow. Based on the materials of the famous ethnographer Morgan, Engels argues in his book The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State that the “bow, string and arrow constitute a very composite instrument, the invention of which presupposes long accumulated experience and sharpened mental powers, and, consequently, a simultaneous acquaintance with a host of other inventions.” Therefore, Engels set the period of its emergence at the advanced stage of the Neolithic era. Among all musical instruments, string instruments appear the latest.

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Chunyu - 淳于 and the Bronze Drum

  • Zhongshu Xu

摘要

In ancient times, people gradually invented and refined many musical instruments that were used during work and daily life. Among these instruments, percussion instruments, and specifically, drums, are outstanding examples. According to ethnographers, the drum is the only instrument that is still used by modern hunter-gatherer societies; many of these modern hunter-gatherer societies do not know of any other instruments aside from the drum. Wind instruments were usually played with the mouth or also with the nose. Initially, they were made with a hollow pipe, but later on there were pipes with holes or trumpet-like instruments made with animal skins. These wind instruments appear slightly later than percussion instruments. String instruments were developed gradually by ancient peoples through the modification of practical tools like the bow and arrow. Based on the materials of the famous ethnographer Morgan, Engels argues in his book The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State that the “bow, string and arrow constitute a very composite instrument, the invention of which presupposes long accumulated experience and sharpened mental powers, and, consequently, a simultaneous acquaintance with a host of other inventions.” Therefore, Engels set the period of its emergence at the advanced stage of the Neolithic era. Among all musical instruments, string instruments appear the latest.