With a sound foundation and distinct advantages in industrial cooperation, China and Kazakhstan need to consolidate and reinforce previous convergence points and seek new growth points and space during the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. That is of great importance for transforming and upgrading their industrial structures and coordinating the regional industrial structure. For that, we must assess Kazakhstan’s important position in the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative, and, more importantly, conduct detailed and in-depth analysis of China and Kazakhstan’s foreign trade and industrial cooperation. That’s exactly what this chapter focuses on.