In the past four years, China’s cooperation with Belt and Road countries and regions has seen progress in many areas. Russia is a major country and China’s largest neighbor and main strategic partner, which is why it’s so important for us to strengthen the economic and trade cooperation with it by implementing the BRI. New changes and situations have appeared in international relations over recent years, of which we must pay attention to two things. First, with Trump becoming the US President, international relations become more complex and variable, and China-US-Russia relations have many uncertainties. Second, there is a rising countertrend against economic globalization and trade liberalization in recent years. Against such a background, we need to adopt a new, macroscopic, international perspective when studying the China-Russia economic and trade cooperation under the BRI framework—how the BRI will advance the cooperation, what issues we may encounter, and how to understand and get a grip on the bilateral relationship going forward.