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Three years on after the incorporation of Crimea and the onset of economic sanctions, the Putin-led Russia seems to have survived the West’s containment. How did he do that? What policy measures has he adopted to cope with the challenges caused by the sanctions? What are the effects of those measures? And where is this economic war heading? This chapter analyzes what the Putin administration did in those three years to defuse the sanctions and what effects its policies generated.

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Putin’s Countermeasures Against the West’s Economic Sanctions and Their Effects

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Wenyi Qu

摘要

Three years on after the incorporation of Crimea and the onset of economic sanctions, the Putin-led Russia seems to have survived the West’s containment. How did he do that? What policy measures has he adopted to cope with the challenges caused by the sanctions? What are the effects of those measures? And where is this economic war heading? This chapter analyzes what the Putin administration did in those three years to defuse the sanctions and what effects its policies generated.