Improved Dual-Tier Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Network

Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) are a basic aspect of the Internet of Things (IoT), characterized by a multitude of wirelessly connected sensor nodes (SNs), facilitating digital interaction with physical entities. Key issues within MWSNs include energy utilization, scalability, connectivity, network topology, and security. The additional challenge of node mobility further complicates the development of effective routing protocols aimed at optimizing MWSN performance. This study proposes an advanced routing protocol, termed “Improved Dual Tier Cluster-Based Routing Protocol” (IDTC-BR), designed to address these issues through a dual-tier clustering approach. The IDTC-BR protocol segregates the network into virtual zones. It employs a cluster-head selection mechanism to identify the most appropriate SN as the Cluster Head (CH). The network is segmented into a Main Zone (MZ) and a Child Zone (CZ) to support a dual-tier routing framework. The efficacy of the IDTC-BR protocol was evaluated using MATLAB simulations, with a focus on network lifetime, energy utilization, and scalability. The results indicate that IDTC-BR surpasses existing protocols, including the “Dual Tier Cluster-Based Routing protocol” (DTC-BR), demonstrating notable improvements in network lifetime, stability, and scalability.