Thermal Analysis of the Cells in the Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Due to Internal Cyclic Faults Under Different Ambient Conditions with UDDS Driving Profiles for Electric Vehicles

Portable devices and energy storage systems extensively utilise lithium-ion batteries due to their elevated energy and power densities and major amounts are utilised in making them particularly suitable for electric vehicles. Nonetheless, it is essential to prioritise their safety, especially by implementing an efficient fault analysis for the individual cells in the battery pack. A notable safety concern is thermal runaway, a phenomenon in which exothermic reactions due to internal fault along with the working ambient temperature occurring within the battery resulting in a swift temperature rise. The increase in temperature has the potential to disrupt the internal structures of the battery, which may lead to its eventual failure. The temperature has a significant impact on lithium-ion battery performance so there requires a fault analysis to monitor the temperature during driving conditions of electric vehicles effective temperature management is critical for batteries. This investigation centres on the monitoring and analysis of battery temperature across three ambient temperatures (−10 °C, 25 °C, and 45 °C) and performance with three types of internal faults such as rise in internal resistance, open-circuit voltage and capacity degradation. The above analysis is simulated with the real-time driving conditions with the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) driving profiles particularly under three working ambient conditions. This analysis reveals temperature and battery performance under critical faults and the associated temperature distribution linked to heat generation to tackle this severity further with the proper battery temperature management system in electric vehicles.