Enhancing Load Frequency Control with IAE Index Strategies of EV-Integrated Isolated Microgrid

In an electrical vehicle (EV) integrated isolated microgrid, frequency error occurs due to the inherent variability and limited inertia of distributed energy resources. This work mitigates frequency error by implementing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller gains are derived with the help of the integral absolute error (IAE) index as a key design criterion. Comparative analysis in control efforts and frequency deviation mitigation are performed to validate controller efficacy. The tabulated results indicate that the tuned PID controller efficiently mitigates frequency error and achieves improved transient response and minimum controller effort.