Renewable Energy Sources: State of the Art and Technical Viability to Fulfil the Energy Demand of Society: A Review

As global energy demands increase, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in conventional grids accelerated significantly. This paper presents the current state of the art in RES, focusing on solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal technologies, and assesses the technical feasibility of these sources in meeting future increasing energy demands. The paper also examines the global versus Indian scenario and government initiatives and policies for the future viability of RESs. Finally, covers the challenges in the widespread implementation of RESs especially solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. By analysing the state of the art and technical viability, this study contributes to the ongoing parlance on energy security and global efforts to encounter climate change and maintain sustainability.