The Ganga River holds immense ecological, cultural, and economic significance in India, supporting the livelihoods of millions through its ecosystem goods and services. Among these, small-scale fisheries play a crucial role, especially for riparian communities, contributing significantly to household incomes and food security. It explores the interconnections between riverine ecosystems and community livelihoods within the framework of the Artha-Ganga initiative economic pillar added to the Namami Gange Programme to strengthen the river-people relationship through sustainable resource use. Despite the river critical contributions, it faces multifaceted threats, including pollution, over-exploitation, habitat destruction, climate change, and the introduction of exotic species. These pressures have led to declining fish diversity and productivity, directly impacting the socio-economic well-being of fishing communities. Artha-Ganga proposes a self-sustaining model centered on promoting natural farming, reuse of treated wastewater, ecotourism, and inclusive growth. Recognizing the part of small-scale fisheries in the blue economy, this study advocates for their integration into national river management policies. The approach aligns with sustainable development goals, aiming to restore the ecological health of the Ganga while enhancing economic resilience and social inclusion among riparian populations.