A Survey on Securing the Future of Electric Vehicles and Its Charging Stations

The rapid increase in use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and its tremendous advantages in driving have transformed the transportation systems thereby promoting sustainability in reducing carbon emissions. However, the incorporation of Electric Vehicles with charging infrastructure and the extensive power grid initiated vital challenges in cyber security and physical safety in Electric Vehicles & Electric Vehicles Charging Stations (EVCS). This paper examines these issues; this study draws attention to how susceptible electric vehicle charging stations are to physical threats as well as cyber-attacks such as Denial of Service (DOS), Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) and Denial of Charge (DOC) attacks. The key approach for mitigating these risks needs robust authentication policies, secure communication protocols and real-time monitoring systems. This survey also highlights in determining the emerging technologies such as block chain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for enhancing the security of electric vehicle and it’s charging stations. Hence, this paper addresses both cyber threats as well as physical threats in detail. Also, this research article aims in ensuring the reliability and safety of electric mobility to encourage the revolution in the prompt expansion of Electric Vehicles ecosystem