This chapter explores the fundamental shift in the driving forces of economic and social development from the material-resource-based “Old World” to the innovation-driven “New World.” It posits that human capital and ideas have superseded physical capital as the leading factors of production. The chapter establishes an “Innovative World Model,” conceptualizing innovation as a process originating from a global “idea cloud”—a theoretical repository where ideas, varying in quality and following a Pareto distribution, are randomly generated and accessed. This model highlights three core dilemmas inherent to the innovation process: the trade-offs between centralized versus decentralized search for ideas, public versus private ownership of innovations, and creation versus imitation as innovation strategies. Finally, the chapter addresses the fundamental challenge of potential idea monopolization by powerful entities (state or corporate) and argues that preventing such monopolies is crucial for ensuring equitable access to the idea cloud, fostering continued innovation, and underpinning a stable, tripod-based new world order.