Biohydrogen production from organic waste presents a sustainable approach to addressing global energy and waste management challenges. Hydrogen serves as a promising clean energy carrier and a viable alternative to fossil fuels, with biohydrogen emerging as a viable renewable source through biological methods like dark fermentation, photo-fermentation, bio-photolysis, and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), hydrogen can be produced sustainably. This chapter explores the state-of-the-art techniques for biohydrogen production from organic solid waste, including agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, and industrial by-products, emphasizing their potential for energy recovery and environmental sustainability. Key advancements in biohydrogen production, including hybrid fermentation systems and nanomaterial-enhanced processes, are discussed to highlight their role in optimizing hydrogen yields and microbial activity. The integration of nanomaterials, such as metal oxide and carbon-based nanoparticles, has demonstrated significant improvements in biohydrogen production by facilitating electron transfer and enhancing microbial metabolism. Additionally, the chapter examines the role of microbial pathways and reactor configurations in maximizing hydrogen generation efficiency. Despite its potential, challenges such as low hydrogen yields, process optimization, and economic feasibility remain barriers to large-scale commercialization. Future research directions focus on improving process efficiency through microbial strain engineering, bioreactor optimization, and hybrid system integration to align with circular economy principles. Ultimately, biohydrogen production from solid waste represents a critical step toward achieving energy sustainability while mitigating environmental impacts associated with waste disposal.