The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022 (WALP) marks a significant improvement in India’s legislative framework for wildlife conservation, replacing the 1972 Act’s narrow focus on the protection of individual species with a more holistic, ecosystem-based approach to biodiversity conservation, addressing critical issues such as the illegal wildlife trade, species protection, ecosystem restoration, sustainable management, zoonosis prevention, and international cooperation in wildlife conservation. The present work comprehensively evaluates the challenges and opportunities in wildlife law enforcement in India. The study undertakes a comprehensive literature review encompassing scientific research, relevant Indian legal documents, and reports from various organizations involved in wildlife conservation in India. The study also highlights the challenges in implementing wildlife law enforcement in India despite the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act 2022, strengthening biodiversity protection. It faces challenges in implementation due to limited institutional capacity, lack of financial resources, and procedural inefficiencies. Furthermore, the gaps in scientific rigor, particularly in the classification of invasive species and vermin, highlight the need for the adoption of internationally accepted risk assessment protocols. The study recommends harmonizing legal definitions with international standards, strengthening research and data-driven decision-making, enhancing international cooperation, and increasing investment in technological innovations. These steps would align the Act with global best practices, ensuring long-term biodiversity resilience and contributing to India’s international conservation commitments.