The wildlife trade in India has a deep historical and cultural significance, shaped by centuries of indigenous practices, colonial influences, and evolving global demands. This chapter explores the historical and cultural dimensions of wildlife trade in India, focusing on the role of traditional hunting, religious beliefs, and socio-economic factors that have contributed to the exploitation of wildlife. From ancient times, wildlife products such as ivory, animal skins, and medicinal herbs were valued for religious rituals, royal patronage, and trade. The colonial era introduced new forms of exploitation, with hunting as both sport and economic activity. In contemporary India, the illegal wildlife trade remains a major threat to biodiversity, fueled by both local traditions and international demand for exotic animal products. The chapter also examines the intersection of wildlife conservation and cultural practices, highlighting efforts to reconcile traditional beliefs with modern conservation policies. Through this exploration, the chapter sheds light on the complex relationships between culture, history, and wildlife trade, offering insights into how these factors continue to influence wildlife protection efforts nowadays.