Bangladesh’s unique geo-climatic position renders it exceptionally vulnerable to a myriad of natural disasters, the impacts of which extend far beyond physical destruction to inflict a profound and often unaddressed psychological toll on its population. This chapter synthesizes current research to explore the complex nexus between disasters and mental health in Bangladesh. It outlines the socio-geographical factors underpinning the nation’s vulnerability and chronicles major disasters since 1971. The core of this work examines the significant mental health impacts, presenting evidence of rates for mental disorders and other conditions among disaster-affected populations, with a particular focus on the differentiated vulnerabilities of women, children, and the elderly. Key challenges impeding an effective response are identified, including a lack of integration of mental health into disaster policy, severe resource and personnel shortages, and pervasive social stigma. In response, this chapter outlines strategic ways forward, advocating for the integration of mental health and psychosocial support into the national disaster management framework, the enhancement of primary healthcare capacity, the promotion of community-based interventions, and the empowerment of women in risk reduction activities.