The dynamic characteristics of the feed system include vibration resistance and transient response. The mathematical model of the feed system is established. The augmented bond graph model of the system is established by using the bond graph theory, and then the mathematical model of the system is established according to the bond graph model. The mathematical model is simulated and analyzed by Matlab / Simulink, and the influence of design parameters on the dynamic characteristics is obtained theoretically. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the influence factors of design parameters on kinematic characteristics and dynamic characteristics, combined with multi-objective optimization algorithm, a design scheme with better dynamic characteristics is finally obtained. The first-order frequency is increased by 7.3%, the second-order frequency is increased by 7.32%, the third-order frequency is increased by 7.74%, the fourth-order frequency is increased by 7.25%, and the first four-order frequencies are improved. And the acceleration fluctuation amplitude of the optimized workbench in 0–0.5 s is obviously reduced.