The traditional central hydraulic power supply system of construction machinery has a lot of overflow, throttling, pressure coupling loss, and at the same time, it leads to substantial waste of gravitational potential energy in the process of operation, and in view of the shortcomings of its system with low energy efficiency and difficult to realize energy recovery, a three-chamber cylinder drive and its energy regeneration closed hydraulic system is proposed, and by designing a three-chamber cylinder instead of the traditional asymmetric cylinder to realize the flow balance of the closed hydraulic system, and by connecting the third chamber with an accumulator, and combining the high-power energy storage characteristics of the accumulator with the high-efficiency energy storage characteristics of the electric/generator, a high-power hydraulic-electric dual-drive high-efficiency drive and energy regeneration solution is proposed to realize the gravitational potential energy recovery of the construction machinery operation device. Through the AMESim simulation software, a closed hydraulic system simulation model of three-chamber cylinder drive and energy regeneration is constructed to analyze the changes of energy, pressure, temperature, and other Key parameters when applied to construction machinery under complex working conditions, and to study the working characteristics of the system in terms of power density and energy transfer.