In order to avoid the resonance in operating, the vibration mode, dynamic excitations and dynamic response of 10 MW wind turbine gearbox comprehensive performance test benches are studied in this paper. First, the support conditions of each part are simulated in ROMAX for wind turbine gearbox test bench. Next, a finite element (FE) model of wind turbine gearbox testing bench is built with FE theory and then is solved. The mesh stiffness, dynamic excitations, vibration modes and dynamic response are obtained. Finally, the dynamic response of wind turbine gearbox comprehensive performance testing bench is verified by physical experiment. As shown in results, there is possibility of resonance in wind turbine gearbox with certain condition, and the peak value of frequency response of vibration displacement, vibration velocity and vibration acceleration of each evaluated point appear in mesh frequency and frequency multiplication of each mesh stage. Finally, the FEM values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration are compared with those of physical experiment, by which the correctness of analytical investigation is verified.