An Extensive Analysis of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Process: Development, Characteristics, Materials, and Recent Advancements

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology in which a programmed print head slowly deposits polymer melt filaments to create 3D components layer by layer. FDM is the most extensively used 3D printing process. The automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries are just a few of the businesses that have created and employed FDM. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of various printing conditions and post-processing methods on FDM printing efficiency. This study aims to gather and compile the most recent studies on the effects of FDM methods and post-processing, together with future directions and obstacles. Research has shown that combining multiple components together can result in more efficient printing because the components are distinct and work well together. Additionally, post-processing is often seen to improve the quality of FDM printed products, but it requires additional work that may not be possible for the application. This article provides an overview of the current state of FDM, how to build and operate FDM printers, business models for printing, types of equipment that can be used, post-processing, advantages and limitations, and the development of FDM applications technology. The applications of FDM are endless, including biomedical, construction, automotive, aerospace, acoustics, textiles, and occupational therapy. To determine FDM parameters, the impacts of each parameter, and how those parameters interact with one another, the article maps key parameters and attributes. The investigation began with the varieties of filament materials, the processes used in filament manufacture, and the printing settings used in FDM methods.