Forests in the Central Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and biodiversity hotspot, are vital for both wildlife and indigenous communities, providing a diverse array of wild edible fruits deeply rooted in cultural practices. These fruits, rich in essential nutrients, offer potential health benefits addressing contemporary health challenges. Despite their significance, the lack of comprehensive nutritional data poses challenges for effective conservation. This chapter underscores the urgent need for conservation in the face of threats like habitat loss, overharvesting, and climate change. Community-based conservation and sustainable harvesting are crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance. The nutritional composition of wild edible fruits was explored, revealing high levels of vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber. This chapter advocates for comprehensive conservation strategies, integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices. A case study delves into the nutritional profiling of various fruits, highlighting variations in sugars, vitamins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids of Canthium dicoccum and Chrysophyllum roxburghii. In conclusion, this chapter emphasizes the importance of wild edible fruits in promoting health and nutrition and calls for measures that merge traditional wisdom with contemporary approaches for sustainable utilization. Future research aims to further uncover the nutraceutical potential of these fruits, fostering their cultivation for broader socio-economic development.