Popularly known as “Bramhi” in Ayurveda, meaning “knowledge deriving from gods,” Bacopa monnieri is cultivated in India for its traditional and modern applications in medicine. It is the first choice as a memory enhancer and sharpener in Indian traditional medicine. Jaundice, diabetes, cough, leprosy, swelling, and diabetes are just a few of the many ailments for which Bacopa has been prescribed. This chapter is a modest overview of several aspects of the biology and biotechnology of Bacopa monnieri. It discusses its origin, distribution, morphology, and agronomy. Further, it outlines the various secondary metabolites found in it along with their biosynthetic pathways and discusses the different approaches that help in increasing its secondary metabolite pool. More importantly, central to the title of the chapter, it presents an unbiased view of its traditional and modern uses in medicine.