Advanced nanomaterials have emerged as a powerful solution for tackling environmental challenges due to their distinct physicochemical properties, including high surface area, adjustable porosity, and incredible reactivity. These materials play an essential role in diverse environmental applications, such as water purification, soil remediation, controlling air pollution, environmental monitoring, and renewable energy systems. Metal oxides, carbon-based nanomaterials, and nano range zero-valent iron (nZVI) are widely utilized for pollutant degradation, adsorption, and disinfection in water treatment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and photocatalysts such as TiO2, ZnO, CeO2, Fe2O3, WO3, and V2O5 show notable efficacy in catching greenhouse gases and degrading volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Furthermore, nanostructured materials are spearheading innovations in renewable energy technologies, enabling efficient solar cells, next-generation batteries, and photocatalytic fuel production. In environmental assessment, nanomaterial-based sensors provide incomparable sensitivity and selectivity for detecting pollutants. Despite their potential, issues such as environmental toxicity, scalability, and regulatory issues must be resolved. This chapter elucidates the extensive versatility of advanced nanomaterials in environmental applications and underscores the necessity for sustainable and safe development to maximize their impact on global environmental sustainability.