Research Note: Complexity-Related Ideas in Management—A Synthetic Methodological Perspective
摘要
Since the 1960s, management theory and practice have been developed in the knowledge area through which influential interpretations of complexity and complexity-related concepts were developed, for example, cybernetics, management cybernetics, systems thinking, system analysis, and broadly defined complexity studies. They were subsequently used to build mathematical models, analogies, and metaphors. Mathematical models are the foundations of descriptions and explanations of causal relationships, and a basis for making predictions and normative statements. In recent years, two trends have been observed in the management literature. The first is the decreasing interest in applications of complex systems studies in management. The second is the trend to simplify complexity-related ideas in management theory and practice. This Research Note suggests a preliminary framework for applying complexity-related ideas when conducting research that reflects these modern research trends.